How to Use a High-Precision Benchtop Insertion Loss Analyzer

Using a high-precision benchtop insertion loss analyzer involves proper setup, calibration, and measurement with software like Atlas SI and VNAs to obtain accurate, repeatable PCB transmission line loss data.Equipment and Software SetupSelect the appropriate VNA: Use a 4-port performance VNA such as the Anritsu ShockLine MS46524B (up to 43.5 GHz) or VectorStar MS4647B (up to 70 GHz) for high-frequency PCB testing .Install Atlas SI software: This software interfaces with the VNA and simplifies insertion loss measurements, even for operators with minimal VNA experience .Connect test coupons: Prepare PCB test coupons with differential pairs or transmission lines. Connect them to the VNA using high-quality probes or connectors to minimize measurement errors .CalibrationPerform VNA calibration: Use the Atlas SI software to guide a step-by-step calibration process. This ensures the VNA accurately measures S-parameters and insertion loss .Delta-L de-embedding: Apply the Delta-L 4.0 algorithm to remove via and fixture effects from differential measurements. This isolates the true insertion loss of the PCB traces .Measurement ProcedureSelect measurement type: Choose differential or single-ended insertion loss depending on your PCB design. Atlas SI supports both modes .Run the test: Click the measurement button in Atlas SI. The software automatically collects frequency-dependent S-parameters and calculates insertion loss using Delta-L processing .Review results: Atlas SI provides a pass/fail indication based on predefined limits and can export results to Excel for further analysis .Best PracticesUse clean, smooth copper surfaces: Dielectric loss and copper roughness significantly affect high-frequency insertion loss .Minimize operator error: Atlas SI is designed for ease of use, allowing nonskilled operators to perform accurate measurements quickly .Frequency considerations: Losses below 2 GHz are often negligible, but above this range, precise measurement is critical for multi-GHz PCBs .Repeatability: Always use consistent test coupons and probe placement to ensure repeatable results .SummaryBy combining a high-performance VNA with Atlas SI software and Delta-L 4.0 methodology, you can accurately measure frequency-dependent insertion loss on PCBs. Proper calibration, careful test coupon preparation, and adherence to best practices ensure reliable, repeatable results suitable for high-speed PCB fabrication and signal integrity verification .